Small unmanned aircraft components, battery and motor basics, and preflight inspection and maintenance concepts tested on the Part 107 exam.
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- What does KV mean when describing a brushless drone motor?
- Rotational speed in RPM per volt of electrical potential applied to the motor.
- What type of battery is most commonly used in small UAS?
- Lithium polymer (LiPo) battery, valued for high discharge rates and energy density.
- What does the C-rating indicate on a drone battery?
- The maximum safe discharge rate as a multiple of the battery's capacity; for example, a 50C battery can discharge at 50 times its capacity in amps.
- What is an ESC in a small drone?
- Electronic Speed Controller; regulates electrical power from the battery to each individual motor.
- What is the first step of any preflight inspection?
- Visually inspect the entire airframe, propellers, battery, and external components for damage or defects.
- Why must you inspect propeller condition before every flight?
- Damaged or bent propellers cause vibration, reduce thrust, create instability, and increase accident risk.
- What does a swollen or puffy LiPo battery indicate?
- Internal cell damage or gas buildup; the battery is unsafe to fly and must be safely discharged and disposed.
- What are the main advantages of a brushless motor over a brushed motor?
- Brushless motors are more efficient, durable, cooler running, and require less maintenance than brushed designs.
- How should you store a LiPo battery for extended periods when not flying?
- At storage voltage (about 3.85V per cell) in a cool, dry place, ideally in a fireproof container.
- What is the primary function of a flight controller?
- Processes sensor data to automatically stabilize the aircraft and execute pilot commands.
- What three things should you verify about your transmitter before flight?
- Battery is charged, transmitter is bound to the aircraft, and signal strength is adequate.
- What does a gimbal stabilization system do on a drone camera?
- Uses motorized stabilization to dampen vibration and jitter, keeping the camera level during flight for smoother video.
- What does mAh measure on a drone battery?
- Milliamp-hours; the total electrical charge the battery can store and deliver.
- Name three common causes of motor failure in small UAS.
- Overheating from continuous high-power operation, water ingestion, and sand or debris in bearings.
- Why must propeller rotation direction be verified during preflight?
- Incorrect rotation direction prevents proper thrust generation and lift, making stable flight impossible.
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