Local anesthetic agents, common prescribed medications, and dental pharmacology basics for dental assistants.
34 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the onset time of lidocaine when administered by infiltration injection?
- 3 to 5 minutes
- How long does lidocaine typically provide anesthesia in dental procedures?
- 30 to 60 minutes
- Which local anesthetic has the longest duration of action in dental work?
- Bupivacaine
- What is the typical duration of bupivacaine anesthesia?
- 4 to 8 hours
- Ester local anesthetics are metabolized by what route?
- Hydrolysis by plasma pseudocholinesterase
- Amide local anesthetics are metabolized primarily by what organ?
- The liver
- Why is epinephrine added to local anesthetic solutions?
- To cause vasoconstriction, which delays absorption and prolongs anesthetic duration
- What is the typical concentration of epinephrine in dental anesthetic cartridges?
- 1 to 200,000 or 0.005 mg per mL
- Which local anesthetic carries the highest risk of methemoglobinemia?
- Prilocaine
- What are the early warning signs of local anesthetic toxicity?
- Restlessness, tremor, tinnitus, and tingling of lips and tongue
- What is the maximum recommended dose of lidocaine for an adult?
- 500 mg total or 7 mg per kilogram of body weight
- Which antibiotic is the first choice for prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis before dental procedures?
- Amoxicillin
- What is the mechanism of action of penicillin-type antibiotics?
- Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
- Which antibiotic should be prescribed for a patient with penicillin allergy needing prophylaxis?
- Clindamycin or azithromycin
- Azithromycin is classified as which type of antibiotic?
- A macrolide antibiotic