Opium Wars, Taiping, 1911 revolution, Mao, Cultural Revolution, and reform era.
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- First Opium War dates
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1840-1842- What did the Treaty of Nanking (1842) establish?
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China ceded Hong Kong to Britain, opened five treaty ports, paid indemnity to Britain- Second Opium War (Arrow War) dates
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1856-1860- What did the Second Opium War force China to accept?
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More treaty ports, foreign legations in Beijing, legalized opium trade, additional indemnity- Taiping Rebellion occurred when?
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1850-1864- Who led the Taiping Rebellion?
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Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the brother of Jesus Christ- What was the estimated death toll of the Taiping Rebellion?
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20-30 million deaths, one of the deadliest conflicts in human history- What was the Self-Strengthening Movement?
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Late 19th century Chinese effort to modernize military technology while preserving Confucian values- Boxer Rebellion dates
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1899-1901- What were the Boxers in the Boxer Rebellion?
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Chinese militia groups opposed to foreign influence and Christian missionaries- What was Sun Yat-sen's role in the 1911 Revolution?
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Led the revolutionary movement and became first president of the Republic of China- What event in 1911 ended the Qing Dynasty?
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Xinhai Revolution (Wuchang Uprising) spread nationwide, forcing the last emperor to abdicate in 1912- Who succeeded Sun Yat-sen as president of early Republican China?
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Yuan Shikai, a general who eventually declared himself emperor- What period characterized China after 1916?
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Warlord period (1916-1928), fragmentation into rival regional military factions- What was the May Fourth Movement (1919)?
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Student protests against the Treaty of Versailles for awarding Chinese territory to Japan; sparked nationalist and communist sentiment
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