APUSH periods 1 through 2, roughly 1491 to 1754, covering Native American societies, European colonization, and early colonial development.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What major civilization centered on Cahokia and the Mississippi River valley before European contact?
- Mississippian civilization
- What confederation of six Haudenosaunee nations formed a union in the Northeast before European colonization?
- Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee)
- Which Southwest Native American groups built cliff dwellings and developed sophisticated irrigation systems?
- Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi)
- What cultural adaptation did Great Plains tribes make after acquiring horses from Spanish sources?
- Became more mobile and dependent on buffalo hunting
- Which Pacific Northwest Native American groups developed a culture based on salmon fishing, cedar working, and totem poles?
- Tlingit, Haida, Kwakwaka'wakw, and other Northwest Coast tribes
- In what year did Columbus's first expedition cross the Atlantic and reach the Caribbean?
- 1492
- What were the three main motivations for European exploration, often called the three G's?
- God (religious conversion), Gold (wealth), and Glory (prestige)
- Which early European explorer sailed for Portugal and established a sea route to India around Africa?
- Vasco da Gama
- What geographic belief motivated Europeans to seek a western ocean route to Asia?
- That the Earth was smaller than it actually is, or that a western route would be shorter
- What term describes the Spanish military leaders who conquered indigenous empires in the Americas?
- Conquistadors
- What Spanish labor system granted colonists control over indigenous workers in exchange for Christian instruction?
- Encomienda
- What Spanish institution served as both a spiritual center and instrument of control in colonial America?
- Mission (the mission system)
- What multi-tiered social hierarchy in Spanish colonies ranked people by racial ancestry and mixed heritage?
- Caste system
- Where did Spain establish its colonial capital in North America?
- Mexico City (formerly Tenochtitlan)
- What Aztec capital was conquered by Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes in 1521?
- Tenochtitlan