APUSH periods 1 through 2, roughly 1491 to 1754, covering Native American societies, European colonization, and early colonial development.
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- What major civilization centered on Cahokia and the Mississippi River valley before European contact?
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Mississippian civilization- What confederation of six Haudenosaunee nations formed a union in the Northeast before European colonization?
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Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee)- Which Southwest Native American groups built cliff dwellings and developed sophisticated irrigation systems?
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Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi)- What cultural adaptation did Great Plains tribes make after acquiring horses from Spanish sources?
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Became more mobile and dependent on buffalo hunting- Which Pacific Northwest Native American groups developed a culture based on salmon fishing, cedar working, and totem poles?
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Tlingit, Haida, Kwakwaka'wakw, and other Northwest Coast tribes- In what year did Columbus's first expedition cross the Atlantic and reach the Caribbean?
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1492- What were the three main motivations for European exploration, often called the three G's?
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God (religious conversion), Gold (wealth), and Glory (prestige)- Which early European explorer sailed for Portugal and established a sea route to India around Africa?
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Vasco da Gama- What geographic belief motivated Europeans to seek a western ocean route to Asia?
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That the Earth was smaller than it actually is, or that a western route would be shorter- What term describes the Spanish military leaders who conquered indigenous empires in the Americas?
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Conquistadors- What Spanish labor system granted colonists control over indigenous workers in exchange for Christian instruction?
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Encomienda- What Spanish institution served as both a spiritual center and instrument of control in colonial America?
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Mission (the mission system)- What multi-tiered social hierarchy in Spanish colonies ranked people by racial ancestry and mixed heritage?
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Caste system- Where did Spain establish its colonial capital in North America?
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Mexico City (formerly Tenochtitlan)- What Aztec capital was conquered by Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes in 1521?
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Tenochtitlan
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