Unit 3: Reconstruction and its end, Jim Crow, the Great Migration, Black institutions, the Harlem Renaissance, the Black press, and early twentieth century Black leadership and activism.
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- In what year did Reconstruction officially end?
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1877- What did the 13th Amendment do?
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Abolished slavery throughout the United States- What did the 14th Amendment guarantee?
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Citizenship and equal protection under law for formerly enslaved people- Which amendment prohibited race-based voting restrictions?
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15th Amendment- What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
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Federal agency that assisted freed slaves with education, healthcare, legal protection, and land access- What were Black Codes?
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State laws passed in the South to restrict the rights and freedom of formerly enslaved people- What was the goal of Radical Reconstruction?
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To ensure voting rights and political participation for freedmen through military rule and Congressional oversight- What was the Compromise of 1877?
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Political agreement that ended Reconstruction in exchange for awarding the presidency to Rutherford B. Hayes- Who led the Radical Republicans in pushing for strong Reconstruction measures?
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Thaddeus Stevens- What did Frederick Douglass do after the Civil War?
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Advocated for voting rights and civil equality, held federal government positions- What doctrine did Plessy v. Ferguson establish in 1896?
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Separate but equal, which upheld legal segregation- What were Jim Crow laws?
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State and local laws that mandated racial segregation in public spaces and accommodations- How did sharecropping function as a system?
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Black farmers worked land owned by whites and received a portion of the harvest as payment- What was the primary form of racial terror during the Jim Crow era?
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Lynching and mob violence- When did the Great Migration primarily take place?
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Early 1900s through 1960s, with major waves from 1916-1930
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