Core anthropological research methods, such as participant observation, and the ethical considerations of fieldwork.
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- What is participant observation in anthropological research?
- A research method where the anthropologist actively participates in the community being studied while observing and documenting social practices and behaviors.
- Define ethnography as a research approach.
- An in-depth study of a particular culture or social group, typically conducted through prolonged fieldwork and resulting in a descriptive account of their way of life.
- What is the difference between emic and etic perspectives in anthropology?
- Emic is the insider's view of culture using the participants' own categories and meanings; etic is the outsider's analytical view using comparative and scientific frameworks.
- What does reflexivity mean in anthropological research?
- The practice of critically examining one's own assumptions, biases, and role in the research process, acknowledging how the researcher's presence shapes the data collected.
- What is positionality in anthropological fieldwork?
- The social location and identity characteristics of the researcher (such as gender, race, class, nationality) that influence their access to and relationships with research participants.
- What is the primary ethical principle underlying the concept of 'do no harm' in anthropological research?
- Research should minimize physical, psychological, social, and economic harm to participants and their communities.
- What is informed consent in anthropological research?
- The process of ensuring research participants understand the purpose, methods, risks, and benefits of the study and voluntarily agree to participate without coercion.
- What role does an Institutional Review Board (IRB) play in anthropological research?
- An IRB reviews research proposals to ensure they meet ethical standards and comply with regulations for the protection of human research subjects.
- What is the comparative method in anthropology?
- A research approach that examines patterns across multiple cultures or societies to identify similarities, differences, and generalizable principles about human behavior and organization.
- What is a case study method in anthropological research?
- An in-depth investigation of a single community, institution, or social phenomenon, providing detailed understanding of specific contexts that can offer insights for broader comparison.
- What is multi-sited ethnography?
- An ethnographic approach that follows people, objects, or practices across multiple geographic locations rather than studying a single bounded community.
- What is visual ethnography?
- A research method that uses photographs, video, and other visual media as both primary tools for data collection and as mediums for representing and analyzing cultural practices.
- What is archival research in anthropology?
- The systematic examination of historical documents, records, and artifacts held in archives to understand past societies and inform understanding of contemporary cultures.
- What is oral history as an anthropological method?
- The collection and analysis of spoken narratives and personal accounts from individuals about their life experiences and historical events they have witnessed or participated in.
- What is researcher bias and why is it significant in fieldwork?
- The subjective perspectives and assumptions researchers bring to fieldwork that can influence what they observe, how they interpret data, and what conclusions they draw.
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