A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield physiology mechanisms and equations for final week review.
40 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the formula for cardiac output?
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CO = stroke volume x heart rate- What is preload?
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The ventricular wall tension (stretch) at the end of diastole, approximated by end-diastolic volume- What is afterload?
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The resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood, approximated by arterial pressure- According to the Frank-Starling law, increased venous return increases ____ by increasing myocardial stretch.
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stroke volume- What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
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MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3(systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)- What is the formula for ejection fraction?
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EF = stroke volume / end-diastolic volume- What effect does vagal (parasympathetic) stimulation have on the SA node?
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Decreases heart rate by hyperpolarizing SA node cells and slowing phase 4 depolarization- SA node
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The pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium- In capillary filtration, what does an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure do to net filtration?
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Increases net filtration out of the capillary- What is the baroreceptor reflex response to a sudden drop in blood pressure?
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Decreased baroreceptor firing triggers increased sympathetic outflow, raising heart rate and vascular resistance- A rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is caused partly by increased ____.
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2,3-DPG- What does a rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve do to hemoglobin's oxygen affinity?
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Decreases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, favoring unloading to tissues- What is the Bohr effect?
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Increased CO2 and decreased pH shift the oxygen-hemoglobin curve right, promoting oxygen unloading in tissues- How does the V/Q ratio compare between the apex and base of the lung in an upright person?
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The apex has a higher V/Q ratio than the base- What is physiologic dead space?
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The sum of anatomic dead space plus alveolar dead space (ventilated but not perfused alveoli)
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