A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield physiology mechanisms and equations for final week review.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the formula for cardiac output?
- CO = stroke volume x heart rate
- What is preload?
- The ventricular wall tension (stretch) at the end of diastole, approximated by end-diastolic volume
- What is afterload?
- The resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood, approximated by arterial pressure
- According to the Frank-Starling law, increased venous return increases ____ by increasing myocardial stretch.
- stroke volume
- What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
- MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3(systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)
- What is the formula for ejection fraction?
- EF = stroke volume / end-diastolic volume
- What effect does vagal (parasympathetic) stimulation have on the SA node?
- Decreases heart rate by hyperpolarizing SA node cells and slowing phase 4 depolarization
- SA node
- The pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium
- In capillary filtration, what does an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure do to net filtration?
- Increases net filtration out of the capillary
- What is the baroreceptor reflex response to a sudden drop in blood pressure?
- Decreased baroreceptor firing triggers increased sympathetic outflow, raising heart rate and vascular resistance
- A rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is caused partly by increased ____.
- 2,3-DPG
- What does a rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve do to hemoglobin's oxygen affinity?
- Decreases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, favoring unloading to tissues
- What is the Bohr effect?
- Increased CO2 and decreased pH shift the oxygen-hemoglobin curve right, promoting oxygen unloading in tissues
- How does the V/Q ratio compare between the apex and base of the lung in an upright person?
- The apex has a higher V/Q ratio than the base
- What is physiologic dead space?
- The sum of anatomic dead space plus alveolar dead space (ventilated but not perfused alveoli)