Core college intro statistics vocabulary and concepts.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a population in statistics?
- The entire group of individuals or items that we want to study or draw conclusions about.
- What is a sample?
- A subset of the population selected for study.
- What is a variable?
- A characteristic or attribute that varies among individuals in a population.
- What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?
- A parameter describes a population; a statistic describes a sample.
- What is the mean?
- The average of a dataset, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the count.
- What is the median?
- The middle value when data is arranged in order; divides the dataset in half.
- What is the mode?
- The value that appears most frequently in a dataset.
- What is the range?
- The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset.
- What is variance?
- The average of the squared deviations from the mean.
- What is the standard deviation?
- The square root of the variance; measures the spread of data around the mean.
- What are quartiles?
- The three values that divide a dataset into four equal parts; Q1, Q2 (median), Q3.
- What is the interquartile range (IQR)?
- The difference between the third and first quartiles; Q3 - Q1.
- What is a normal distribution?
- A symmetric, bell-shaped probability distribution centered at the mean.
- What is a z-score?
- The number of standard deviations a value is from the mean.
- What is a p-value?
- The probability of observing results at least as extreme as those obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true.