Core college intro statistics vocabulary and concepts.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a population in statistics?
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The entire group of individuals or items that we want to study or draw conclusions about.- What is a sample?
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A subset of the population selected for study.- What is a variable?
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A characteristic or attribute that varies among individuals in a population.- What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?
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A parameter describes a population; a statistic describes a sample.- What is the mean?
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The average of a dataset, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the count.- What is the median?
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The middle value when data is arranged in order; divides the dataset in half.- What is the mode?
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The value that appears most frequently in a dataset.- What is the range?
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The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset.- What is variance?
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The average of the squared deviations from the mean.- What is the standard deviation?
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The square root of the variance; measures the spread of data around the mean.- What are quartiles?
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The three values that divide a dataset into four equal parts; Q1, Q2 (median), Q3.- What is a normal distribution?
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A symmetric, bell-shaped probability distribution centered at the mean.- What is a z-score?
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The number of standard deviations a value is from the mean.- What is a p-value?
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The probability of observing results at least as extreme as those obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true.- What is the null hypothesis?
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The hypothesis that there is no significant effect or difference; the default assumption to be tested.
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