Gender socialization, gender roles, and theories of gender inequality from a college sociology course.
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- What is the key difference between sex and gender in sociology?
- Sex refers to biological characteristics, while gender refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities.
- Define gender socialization.
- The process through which people learn the gender role expectations and norms of their society.
- Which institution is considered the primary agent of gender socialization?
- The family.
- How do schools function as agents of gender socialization?
- Through curriculum choices, teacher interactions, peer groupings, and expectations that reinforce gendered behaviors.
- What role do peer groups play in gender socialization?
- Peer groups influence gender role adoption, especially during adolescence, through social approval and rejection.
- How does media contribute to gender socialization?
- Through television, film, advertising, and social media that portray stereotypical gender roles and expectations.
- What are gender roles?
- Socially constructed expectations for how men and women should behave, think, and appear.
- What are gender norms?
- Unwritten rules and expectations about appropriate gender behavior that are enforced through social approval or disapproval.
- How does structural functionalism view gender roles?
- As complementary roles that maintain social stability and allow society to function efficiently.
- How does conflict theory explain gender inequality?
- Gender inequality serves capitalist interests by controlling women's labor and maintaining patriarchal power structures.
- How does symbolic interactionism approach gender?
- Gender meanings are created and recreated through social interactions and are not fixed or natural.
- What is patriarchy in sociology?
- A social system in which men hold primary power and authority in institutions, culture, and interpersonal relationships.
- What is the gender wage gap?
- The difference in average earnings between men and women, with women typically earning less than men.
- Define the glass ceiling.
- Invisible barriers that prevent qualified women from advancing to higher levels of leadership and authority.
- What is the second shift, according to Arlie Russell Hochschild?
- Women's unpaid domestic and childcare work that occurs after paid employment.