Common rocks, minerals, and gemstones matched with one identifying property and where they are typically found.
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- Hard, colorless to clear crystal mined in Africa and Russia, used in engagement rings
- Diamond
- Red corundum gemstone found in Myanmar and Thailand
- Ruby
- Blue corundum gemstone found in Kashmir and Sri Lanka
- Sapphire
- Green beryl crystal found in Colombia and Zambia
- Emerald
- Purple variety of quartz found in Brazil and Uruguay
- Amethyst
- Hard gemstone in blue or golden colors, found in Brazil and Tajikistan
- Topaz
- Iridescent gemstone, relatively soft, found primarily in Australia and Mexico
- Opal
- Deep red silicate mineral found in India and Madagascar
- Garnet
- Olive green gemstone found in Egypt and Arizona
- Peridot
- Multi-colored crystal with often striped bands, found in Brazil and Mozambique
- Tourmaline
- Hard mineral with six-sided crystals, found worldwide in igneous rocks
- Quartz
- Most abundant mineral in Earth's crust, found in granite and most rocks
- Feldspar
- Shiny mineral that splits into thin transparent sheets, found in granite
- Mica
- White mineral that fizzes in acid, primary component of limestone
- Calcite
- Red or gray metallic mineral, heavy, major iron ore found in Sweden and Australia
- Hematite