Key Quechua consonants, including the plain, aspirated, and ejective stop series, plus vowel and stress patterns for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound pattern or example word. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- P sound (plain)
- A plain, unaspirated "p," as in papa (potato)
- Ph sound (aspirated)
- An aspirated "p" with a puff of air, as in phawa (a run, a flight)
- P' sound (ejective)
- An ejective "p," produced with a sharp burst from a closed glottis, as in p'unchay (day)
- T sound (plain)
- A plain, unaspirated "t," as in tayta (father)
- Th sound (aspirated)
- An aspirated "t" with a puff of air, as in thanta (worn out, ragged)
- T' sound (ejective)
- An ejective "t," as in t'anta (bread)
- K sound (plain)
- A plain, unaspirated "k," as in killa (moon)
- Kh sound (aspirated)
- An aspirated "k" with a puff of air, as in khuyay (to love, to pity)
- K' sound (ejective)
- An ejective "k," as in k'uychi, another word for rainbow
- Q sound (plain, uvular)
- A plain stop made further back in the throat than "k," as in qan (you)
- Qh sound (aspirated, uvular)
- An aspirated uvular stop, as in qhari (man)
- Q' sound (ejective, uvular)
- An ejective uvular stop, as in q'umir (green)
- Ch sound
- Pronounced like English "ch" in "chair," as in chakra (field)
- Ch' sound (ejective)
- An ejective "ch," as in ch'uñu (freeze dried potato)
- Ñ sound
- A palatal nasal, like Spanish "ñ," as in ñawi (eye)
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