Confucian virtues, Daoism, Mencius, Xunzi, Mohism, and Legalism.
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- What is ren in Confucianism?
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Humaneness or benevolence; the highest Confucian virtue emphasizing compassion and moral feeling toward others.- Define li in Confucian thought.
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Propriety, ritual, or proper conduct; the forms and customs that guide correct behavior and social harmony.- What is yi in Confucianism?
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Righteousness or duty; the moral courage to do what is right regardless of personal benefit.- What does zhi mean in Confucianism?
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Wisdom or knowledge; the understanding needed to recognize the right course of action.- What is a junzi?
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The exemplary or superior person; a moral ideal in Confucianism who cultivates virtue through self-discipline and propriety.- Who was Confucius?
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Kong Fuzi (551-479 BCE), Chinese sage and founder of Confucianism; emphasized virtue, ritual, and moral self-cultivation.- What is xiao in Confucianism?
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Filial piety; respect and obedience toward parents and ancestors, considered the root of all virtue.- What are the five key relationships in Confucianism?
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Ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother, and friend-friend; each involves reciprocal duties.- What is te in Confucianism?
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Virtue or moral power; the inner quality that enables a person to influence others and govern justly.- How does Confucianism view self-cultivation?
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Through continuous learning, ritual practice, and moral discipline; a lifelong process of becoming more virtuous.- What is the Dao in Daoism?
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The Way; the ultimate reality or principle underlying all existence, beyond description and naming.- Who was Laozi?
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Legendary founder of Daoism; traditionally said to have lived in the 6th century BCE and authored the Daodejing.- What is the Daodejing?
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The classic text of Daoism, attributed to Laozi; a poetic collection of teachings on the Way and virtue.- What is wu wei in Daoism?
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Non-action or effortless action; acting in accordance with the natural flow of the Dao without forced effort.- What does ziran mean in Daoism?
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Spontaneity or naturalness; acting without pretense or forcing, in harmony with one's true nature.
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