Key Odia sounds, the rounded inherent vowel, retroflex versus dental consonants, and nasalization for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound pattern or example word. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- ଅ inherent vowel
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The Odia inherent vowel is pronounced closer to the o in hot, rounder than the open a heard in Hindi.- ଆ vs ଅ (aa vs a)
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A long, open aa versus the rounded, shorter inherent vowel a; the two are clearly distinct in Odia.- ଟ retroflex ta
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A retroflex t, pronounced with the tongue curled back against the roof of the mouth, distinct from the dental ତ.- ତ dental ta
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A dental t, pronounced with the tongue tip against the back of the upper teeth.- ଡ retroflex da
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A retroflex d, pronounced with the tongue curled back, distinct from the dental ଦ.- ଦ dental da
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A dental d, pronounced with the tongue against the upper teeth.- ଣ retroflex na
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A retroflex n, pronounced with the tongue curled back, distinct from the dental ନ.- ନ dental na
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The plain everyday n sound.- ଡ଼ flapped da
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A flapped retroflex sound, written with a dot under ଡ, similar to the flapped r-like sound in Hindi.- ଢ଼ flapped dha
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The aspirated counterpart of the flapped ଡ଼, released with extra breath.- ଶ, ଷ, ସ three sibilants
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Three historically distinct letters for sh and s sounds that most modern Odia speakers pronounce alike, as a plain s.- କ vs ଖ (ka vs kha)
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An unaspirated k with no extra breath, versus an aspirated kh released with a strong puff of air.- ଗ vs ଘ (ga vs gha)
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An unaspirated g versus an aspirated gh released with a strong puff of air.- ଚ vs ଛ (cha vs chha)
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An unaspirated ch versus an aspirated chh released with extra breath.- ପ vs ଫ (pa vs pha)
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An unaspirated p versus an aspirated ph released with a puff of air, not like English f.
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