Key Odia sounds, the rounded inherent vowel, retroflex versus dental consonants, and nasalization for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound pattern or example word. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- ଅ inherent vowel
- The Odia inherent vowel is pronounced closer to the o in hot, rounder than the open a heard in Hindi.
- ଆ vs ଅ (aa vs a)
- A long, open aa versus the rounded, shorter inherent vowel a; the two are clearly distinct in Odia.
- ଟ retroflex ta
- A retroflex t, pronounced with the tongue curled back against the roof of the mouth, distinct from the dental ତ.
- ତ dental ta
- A dental t, pronounced with the tongue tip against the back of the upper teeth.
- ଡ retroflex da
- A retroflex d, pronounced with the tongue curled back, distinct from the dental ଦ.
- ଦ dental da
- A dental d, pronounced with the tongue against the upper teeth.
- ଣ retroflex na
- A retroflex n, pronounced with the tongue curled back, distinct from the dental ନ.
- ନ dental na
- The plain everyday n sound.
- ଡ଼ flapped da
- A flapped retroflex sound, written with a dot under ଡ, similar to the flapped r-like sound in Hindi.
- ଢ଼ flapped dha
- The aspirated counterpart of the flapped ଡ଼, released with extra breath.
- ଶ, ଷ, ସ three sibilants
- Three historically distinct letters for sh and s sounds that most modern Odia speakers pronounce alike, as a plain s.
- କ vs ଖ (ka vs kha)
- An unaspirated k with no extra breath, versus an aspirated kh released with a strong puff of air.
- ଗ vs ଘ (ga vs gha)
- An unaspirated g versus an aspirated gh released with a strong puff of air.
- ଚ vs ଛ (cha vs chha)
- An unaspirated ch versus an aspirated chh released with extra breath.
- ପ vs ଫ (pa vs pha)
- An unaspirated p versus an aspirated ph released with a puff of air, not like English f.
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