Key Marathi vowels, retroflex consonants, and aspiration contrasts for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound pattern or example word. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- अ sound (a)
- A short "a," like in "cup."
- आ sound (aa)
- A long "aa," like in "father."
- इ sound (i)
- A short "i," like in "sit."
- ई sound (ee)
- A long "ee," like in "see."
- उ sound (u)
- A short "u," like in "put."
- ऊ sound (oo)
- A long "oo," like in "food."
- ऋ sound (ru)
- A vocalic "r," pronounced roughly like "ri."
- ए sound (e)
- Like the "e" in "they."
- ऐ sound (ai)
- A diphthong like "ai" in "aisle."
- ओ sound (o)
- Like the "o" in "go."
- औ sound (au)
- A diphthong like "ow" in "how."
- ळ sound (retroflex l)
- A retroflex "l," made with the tongue curled back, distinct from a plain l. Found in words like phal (fruit).
- ण sound (retroflex n)
- A retroflex "n," made with the tongue curled back against the roof of the mouth.
- ट sound (unaspirated retroflex t)
- A retroflex, unaspirated "t," crisper than an English t.
- ठ sound (aspirated retroflex t)
- A retroflex, aspirated "t," pronounced with a burst of air.