Key Marathi vowels, retroflex consonants, and aspiration contrasts for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound pattern or example word. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- अ sound (a)
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A short "a," like in "cup."- आ sound (aa)
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A long "aa," like in "father."- इ sound (i)
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A short "i," like in "sit."- ई sound (ee)
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A long "ee," like in "see."- उ sound (u)
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A short "u," like in "put."- ऊ sound (oo)
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A long "oo," like in "food."- ऋ sound (ru)
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A vocalic "r," pronounced roughly like "ri."- ए sound (e)
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Like the "e" in "they."- ऐ sound (ai)
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A diphthong like "ai" in "aisle."- ओ sound (o)
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Like the "o" in "go."- औ sound (au)
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A diphthong like "ow" in "how."- ळ sound (retroflex l)
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A retroflex "l," made with the tongue curled back, distinct from a plain l. Found in words like phal (fruit).- ण sound (retroflex n)
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A retroflex "n," made with the tongue curled back against the roof of the mouth.- ट sound (unaspirated retroflex t)
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A retroflex, unaspirated "t," crisper than an English t.- ठ sound (aspirated retroflex t)
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A retroflex, aspirated "t," pronounced with a burst of air.
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