The sounds of speech, the International Phonetic Alphabet, and phonological rules from an intro linguistics course.
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- What is phonetics?
- The study of human speech sounds, their production, transmission, and perception.
- What is phonology?
- The study of how sounds are organized and used in languages to convey meaning.
- Name the three main branches of phonetics.
- Articulatory (production), acoustic (physical properties), and auditory (perception).
- What is the International Phonetic Alphabet used for?
- To represent the sounds of human speech with consistent, universal symbols.
- What IPA symbol marks primary stress?
- A vertical line before the stressed syllable: ˈ
- What IPA symbol marks secondary stress?
- A vertical line below the baseline before the syllable: ˌ
- What is articulatory phonetics?
- The study of how the vocal apparatus produces speech sounds.
- Name three places of articulation.
- Bilabial (both lips), alveolar (ridge behind teeth), velar (soft palate).
- What is the difference between voiced and voiceless consonants?
- Voiced consonants have vocal cord vibration; voiceless consonants do not.
- What does 'manner of articulation' describe?
- The way airflow is obstructed or modified when producing a consonant.
- Name three manners of articulation.
- Stops (blockage), fricatives (narrow constriction), nasals (air through nose).
- What is a stop consonant?
- A consonant produced by complete closure of the vocal tract, then sudden release.
- What is a fricative consonant?
- A consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow constriction, creating turbulence.
- What is a nasal consonant?
- A consonant with complete oral closure but air flowing through the nose.
- What is an approximant (or glide)?
- A sound that is vowel-like in articulation but functions as a consonant in syllable structure.