The sounds of speech, the International Phonetic Alphabet, and phonological rules from an intro linguistics course.
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- What is phonetics?
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The study of human speech sounds, their production, transmission, and perception.- What is phonology?
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The study of how sounds are organized and used in languages to convey meaning.- Name the three main branches of phonetics.
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Articulatory (production), acoustic (physical properties), and auditory (perception).- What is the International Phonetic Alphabet used for?
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To represent the sounds of human speech with consistent, universal symbols.- What IPA symbol marks primary stress?
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A vertical line before the stressed syllable: ˈ- What IPA symbol marks secondary stress?
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A vertical line below the baseline before the syllable: ˌ- What is articulatory phonetics?
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The study of how the vocal apparatus produces speech sounds.- Name three places of articulation.
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Bilabial (both lips), alveolar (ridge behind teeth), velar (soft palate).- What is the difference between voiced and voiceless consonants?
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Voiced consonants have vocal cord vibration; voiceless consonants do not.- What does 'manner of articulation' describe?
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The way airflow is obstructed or modified when producing a consonant.- Name three manners of articulation.
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Stops (blockage), fricatives (narrow constriction), nasals (air through nose).- What is a stop consonant?
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A consonant produced by complete closure of the vocal tract, then sudden release.- What is a fricative consonant?
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A consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow constriction, creating turbulence.- What is a nasal consonant?
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A consonant with complete oral closure but air flowing through the nose.- What is an approximant (or glide)?
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A sound that is vowel-like in articulation but functions as a consonant in syllable structure.
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