Theories of justice and the philosophical basis for human rights, framed as balanced ethical debates.
30 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is distributive justice?
- The fair allocation of resources, benefits, and burdens among members of a society.
- Define procedural justice.
- Justice focused on the fairness of processes and procedures used to make decisions, rather than outcomes.
- What does John Rawls' veil of ignorance require?
- Making principles of justice while imagining you do not know your own position in society.
- In Rawlsian theory, what is the difference principle?
- Inequalities are just only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society.
- What are natural rights?
- Rights that people possess by virtue of being human, not granted by government or society.
- Distinguish negative rights from positive rights.
- Negative rights require others to refrain from interference; positive rights require others to provide something.
- What is libertarianism's core claim about justice?
- Justice requires respecting individual liberty and property rights, with minimal state interference.
- Name Robert Nozick's major work on rights and justice.
- Anarchy, State, and Utopia
- What does utilitarianism say about justice?
- Actions and policies are just if they maximize overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number.
- What is communitarianism's main critique of liberal justice theory?
- It argues that justice theories cannot ignore how people are embedded in communities and social practices.
- Explain inalienable rights.
- Rights that cannot be surrendered, transferred, or taken away, even by consent or contract.
- What does Locke argue about the origin of rights?
- People have natural rights to life, liberty, and property that precede and limit government.
- Define retributive justice.
- Justice based on proportional punishment, where wrongdoing merits a response proportional to the harm caused.
- What is restorative justice?
- A justice approach focused on repairing harm and restoring relationships between offenders, victims, and communities.
- Distinguish between formal and substantive equality.
- Formal equality means identical treatment; substantive equality means outcomes that account for different circumstances.
FlashKeepers