Common digital operating modes including FT8, PSK31, and RTTY for amateur radio operators.
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- What does FT8 stand for?
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Franke-Taylor design with 8-tone FSK modulation- How long does a typical FT8 transmission take?
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13 seconds- Who developed FT8?
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Joe Taylor K1JT- What modulation type does FT8 use?
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8-FSK (frequency-shift keying with 8 tones)- What is FT8 optimized for?
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Weak-signal DX contacts with high error correction and low bandwidth- What is PSK31?
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A digital mode using phase-shift keying at 31 baud for text communication- What is the typical bandwidth of PSK31?
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About 80 Hz- Who developed PSK31?
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Peter Martinez G3PLX- What typing speed does PSK31 support?
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About 50 WPM equivalent- What does RTTY stand for?
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Radio Teletype- What is the standard baud rate for amateur RTTY?
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45 baud- What is typical frequency shift in RTTY?
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170 Hz (the spacing between mark and space tones)- What character code does RTTY use?
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Baudot (ITA-2), a 5-bit code with shift characters- How does RTTY synchronize character boundaries?
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Using start and stop bits, one start bit and 1.5 stop bits per character- What is JT65?
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A weak-signal digital mode using 65-symbol transmission for HF and VHF DX
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