Common digital operating modes including FT8, PSK31, and RTTY for amateur radio operators.
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- What does FT8 stand for?
- Franke-Taylor design with 8-tone FSK modulation
- How long does a typical FT8 transmission take?
- 13 seconds
- Who developed FT8?
- Joe Taylor K1JT
- What modulation type does FT8 use?
- 8-FSK (frequency-shift keying with 8 tones)
- What is FT8 optimized for?
- Weak-signal DX contacts with high error correction and low bandwidth
- What is PSK31?
- A digital mode using phase-shift keying at 31 baud for text communication
- What is the typical bandwidth of PSK31?
- About 80 Hz
- Who developed PSK31?
- Peter Martinez G3PLX
- What typing speed does PSK31 support?
- About 50 WPM equivalent
- What does RTTY stand for?
- Radio Teletype
- What is the standard baud rate for amateur RTTY?
- 45 baud
- What is typical frequency shift in RTTY?
- 170 Hz (the spacing between mark and space tones)
- What character code does RTTY use?
- Baudot (ITA-2), a 5-bit code with shift characters
- How does RTTY synchronize character boundaries?
- Using start and stop bits, one start bit and 1.5 stop bits per character
- What is JT65?
- A weak-signal digital mode using 65-symbol transmission for HF and VHF DX