Feudalism, the Church, Crusades, rise of Islam, the Abbasid caliphate, and Byzantium for a middle school world history course.
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- What is feudalism?
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A system where lords owned land and peasants worked it in exchange for protection and security- What is a vassal?
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A noble who pledged loyalty and service to a more powerful lord in exchange for land and protection- What is a fief?
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Land given by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and military service- What is a knight?
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An armored warrior who served a lord and fought on horseback during the medieval period- Describe the feudal hierarchy.
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King at the top, followed by nobles and lords, then knights, and peasants at the bottom- What is a manor?
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The land controlled by a lord, including fields, a castle or large house, and the peasants who worked there- What are serfs?
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Peasants who were bound to the land they worked and could not leave without permission from the lord- What was chivalry?
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The code of honor and behavior expected of medieval knights, including loyalty, courage, and respect for others- Who was the head of the Catholic Church in medieval Europe?
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The Pope, who lived in Rome and led the Church spiritually and politically- What are monasteries?
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Communities where monks lived together, prayed, worked, and served the Church away from towns- What were the main duties of monks?
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To pray, copy manuscripts by hand, farm the land, care for the sick, and preserve knowledge- What role did the clergy play in medieval society?
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They performed religious ceremonies, provided spiritual guidance, owned land, and influenced political decisions- What is a cathedral?
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A large, impressive church built in a town or city that served as the center of religious life- What power did the Church hold in medieval Europe?
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It owned about one-third of the land, educated people, influenced politics, and provided hospitals and charity- What were simony?
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The corrupt practice of buying or selling Church positions and titles for money or favors
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