Formation and use of Konjunktiv I and II for reported speech and hypothetical statements, with example sentences. Front: the German word or phrase. Back: English meaning.
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- Konjunktiv I stem for regular verbs
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Use the infinitive stem (mach- for machen, sag- for sagen)- Konjunktiv I endings after the verb stem
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-e, -est, -e, -en, -et, -en (ich mache, du machest, er mache, etc.)- Konjunktiv II for regular verbs
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Preterite stem plus -e- infix: mach-e-te would become mach-te (use würde + infinitive instead for most regulars)- ich hätte
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I would have (Konjunktiv II of haben)- ich wäre
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I would be (Konjunktiv II of sein)- ich würde
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I would (Konjunktiv II of werden, used for regular verbs)- Primary use of Konjunktiv I
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Reported speech or indirect discourse (Er sagte, er sei krank)- Primary use of Konjunktiv II
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Hypothetical situations, contrary-to-fact statements, and polite requests (Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen)- Er sagte, er sei krank
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He said that he was ill (reported speech using Konjunktiv I)- Sie behauptete, sie habe es nicht getan
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She claimed that she had not done it (reported speech, Konjunktiv I present perfect)- Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen
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If I had time, I would come (hypothetical condition with Konjunktiv II)- Das wäre schön
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That would be nice (polite Konjunktiv II)- Konjunktiv I of sagen (er/sie/es form)
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er sage (he say in reported speech)- Konjunktiv I of gehen (ich form)
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ich gehe (I go, reported speech)- Konjunktiv II of geben
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ich gäbe, du gäbest, er gäbe (umlaut of strong preterite gab)
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