DNA, genes, traits, and basic inheritance patterns for a middle school life science unit. Front: the term. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- DNA
- A molecule that carries genetic information in the form of instructions for building and running living things
- Gene
- A section of DNA that contains instructions for making a specific trait or protein
- Chromosome
- A structure inside the nucleus of a cell that contains genes made of DNA
- Trait
- A characteristic or feature of an organism, such as eye color or height
- Heredity
- The passing of traits from parents to their offspring through genes
- Dominant trait
- A trait that appears in an organism when at least one copy of its allele is present
- Recessive trait
- A trait that only appears when two copies of its allele are present
- Allele
- A different form or version of the same gene
- Nucleus
- The part of a cell that contains the chromosomes and controls cell activities
- Genotype
- The genetic makeup of an organism, or the alleles it has
- Phenotype
- The visible traits of an organism that result from its genes and environment
- Punnett square
- A diagram used to predict the traits that offspring might inherit from their parents
- Homozygous
- Having two identical alleles for a trait
- Heterozygous
- Having two different alleles for the same trait
- Variation
- Differences in traits among individuals of the same species