Cell structure, genetics basics, and ecosystem concepts for an early high school biology course, deeper than the integrated science overview.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; eukaryotic cells have both.- What organelle controls all cell activities and contains genetic information?
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The nucleus- What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
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To control what enters and leaves the cell, protecting its contents- What is the main function of mitochondria?
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To produce energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration- Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
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Chloroplast- What do ribosomes do?
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They synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA- What is the difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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Rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and makes lipids- What does the Golgi apparatus do?
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It modifies, packages, and ships proteins and lipids from the ER- What is the function of lysosomes?
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They break down and digest waste materials and dead organelles in the cell- What is a vacuole and what does it store?
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A membrane-bound sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste- What is the cell wall and which organisms have it?
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A rigid layer outside the cell membrane that provides structure and support, found in plants, fungi, and bacteria- What does the nuclear membrane do?
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It controls the movement of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm- What are chromosomes composed of?
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DNA and proteins (histones)- Where does cellular respiration primarily occur?
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In the mitochondria- What is the basic structural unit of all living things?
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The cell
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