Cell structure, genetics basics, and ecosystem concepts for an early high school biology course, deeper than the integrated science overview.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; eukaryotic cells have both.
- What organelle controls all cell activities and contains genetic information?
- The nucleus
- What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
- To control what enters and leaves the cell, protecting its contents
- What is the main function of mitochondria?
- To produce energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration
- Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
- Chloroplast
- What do ribosomes do?
- They synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA
- What is the difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- Rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and makes lipids
- What does the Golgi apparatus do?
- It modifies, packages, and ships proteins and lipids from the ER
- What is the function of lysosomes?
- They break down and digest waste materials and dead organelles in the cell
- What is a vacuole and what does it store?
- A membrane-bound sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste
- What is the cell wall and which organisms have it?
- A rigid layer outside the cell membrane that provides structure and support, found in plants, fungi, and bacteria
- What does the nuclear membrane do?
- It controls the movement of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm
- What are chromosomes composed of?
- DNA and proteins (histones)
- Where does cellular respiration primarily occur?
- In the mitochondria
- What is the basic structural unit of all living things?
- The cell