Risk factors, oral and laryngeal cancer, HPV oropharyngeal cancer, salivary and thyroid masses, neck node levels and staging basics.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What are the two major synergistic risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
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Tobacco use and alcohol use- HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer is most strongly associated with HPV type ____.
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16- What immunohistochemical marker is used as a surrogate test for HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer?
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p16- Compared to classic tobacco-related head and neck cancer patients, HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer patients are typically what?
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Younger, and often nonsmokers and nondrinkers- How does prognosis compare between HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer?
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HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer has a significantly better prognosis- Which two subsites are most commonly involved in HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer?
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The palatine tonsil and the base of tongue- Define leukoplakia.
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A white mucosal patch that cannot be scraped off and is not explained by another diagnosis- How does erythroplakia's risk of malignant transformation compare to leukoplakia's?
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Erythroplakia carries a higher risk of malignant transformation than leukoplakia- What is the most common histologic type of oral cavity cancer?
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Squamous cell carcinoma- What is the single most common site for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma?
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The lateral or ventral tongue- Why should hoarseness lasting more than two to three weeks prompt a laryngoscopy?
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To rule out laryngeal cancer as the cause- The most common subsite of laryngeal cancer is the ____ (true vocal cords).
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glottis- Why is glottic laryngeal cancer often diagnosed at an earlier stage than other laryngeal cancers?
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Early hoarseness from vocal cord involvement, plus sparse local lymphatics limiting early nodal spread- Why does supraglottic laryngeal cancer tend to present at a more advanced stage?
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It causes fewer early symptoms and has rich lymphatic drainage, leading to early nodal metastasis- Plummer-Vinson syndrome (iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, esophageal web) increases the risk of which cancer?
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Hypopharyngeal (postcricoid) squamous cell carcinoma
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