Weight and balance, performance, and operational limitations concepts for small unmanned aircraft tested on the Part 107 exam.
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- What is the maximum takeoff weight limit for a small unmanned aircraft under Part 107?
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55 pounds (approximately 25 kilograms)- Define center of gravity for a small unmanned aircraft.
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The point where the total weight of the aircraft is concentrated; the balance point of the aircraft.- Why is weight and balance critical for drone operations?
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It affects aircraft stability, control authority, and performance; improper balance can make the aircraft uncontrollable.- What flight characteristic occurs when center of gravity is too far forward?
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Heavy nose, reduced elevator authority, increased stall speed, difficulty raising the nose.- What flight characteristic occurs when center of gravity is too far aft?
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Pitch instability, reduced control effectiveness, poor longitudinal stability, potential for stall or spin.- What is empty weight?
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The weight of the aircraft structure, engine, and all fixed equipment, excluding fuel and payload.- Define maximum gross takeoff weight (MGTW).
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The maximum allowable weight of the aircraft fully loaded with fuel and payload at takeoff.- What is useful load?
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The difference between maximum gross takeoff weight and empty weight, representing total fuel, payload, and crew weight that can be carried.- What formula is used to calculate the moment of an aircraft component?
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Moment equals weight multiplied by arm (distance from reference point).- What does it mean when an aircraft is loaded within the envelope?
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The center of gravity falls within the acceptable range specified by the manufacturer, and the aircraft is safe to fly.- What is density altitude?
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The equivalent altitude at which an aircraft performs as though operating at that altitude under standard conditions; a measure combining temperature and pressure effects.- How does high density altitude affect small unmanned aircraft performance?
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Reduces aircraft performance, increases takeoff distance required, decreases climb performance, and may exceed operating limits.- What is the maximum operating altitude for a Part 107 drone above ground level?
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400 feet AGL or less.- What is the maximum airspeed for a Part 107 small unmanned aircraft?
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100 miles per hour or less (approximately 87 knots).- What do operational limitations define?
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The maximum and minimum conditions under which an aircraft is approved to operate safely, including weight, speed, altitude, temperature, and load factor limits.
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