Hemodialysis principles, dialyzer setup, and patient monitoring during treatment tested on dialysis technician certification exams.
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- What is the primary purpose of hemodialysis?
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To remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys can no longer do so.- What is diffusion in dialysis?
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Movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane from higher to lower concentration.- What is ultrafiltration in dialysis?
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Removal of excess fluid from the blood using a pressure gradient across the dialyzer membrane.- What is a dialyzer commonly called?
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An artificial kidney.- What separates blood and dialysate inside a dialyzer?
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A semipermeable membrane.- In a dialyzer, how does dialysate flow relative to the direction of blood flow?
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In the opposite direction (countercurrent flow).- What is dialysate?
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A fluid solution used to draw waste products and excess fluid out of the blood during dialysis.- Which vascular access type is preferred for long-term hemodialysis?
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The arteriovenous (AV) fistula.- How is an AV fistula created?
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By surgically connecting an artery directly to a vein.- What is a thrill in a vascular access?
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A vibration felt when palpating a functioning AV fistula or graft.- What is a bruit?
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A whooshing sound heard with a stethoscope over a functioning AV fistula or graft.- What should a technician do if a thrill or bruit is absent in a vascular access?
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Report it immediately, since it may indicate clotting.- What is an AV graft?
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A synthetic tube surgically placed to connect an artery and a vein for dialysis access.- When is a central venous catheter (CVC) typically used for dialysis access?
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When a fistula or graft is not yet ready, or in emergency situations.- How many needles are typically used during hemodialysis with a fistula or graft?
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Two, an arterial needle and a venous needle.
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