Core Burmese grammar particles, sentence markers, and verb tense/aspect markers with example sentences. Front: the Burmese particle or grammar word (with romanization). Back: explanation and example.
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- -တယ် / -သည် (-de / -thi)
- Sentence-final statement marker; -de is the everyday spoken form, -thi the written form
- -ပါ (-par)
- A politeness particle added to verbs, as in la par (please come)
- -လား (-lar)
- Yes or no question particle, as in thwar: mae lar (will you go?)
- -လဲ (-lell)
- Question particle used with question words, as in bar lo lell (how is it?)
- -က (-ka)
- Subject marker highlighting the doer of an action
- -ကို (-ko)
- Object marker placed after the noun receiving the action
- -မှာ (-hma)
- Marks location (at, in) or a near-future action
- -နဲ့ (-nell)
- Means with or and, joining two nouns or marking an instrument
- -လို့ (-lo)
- A quotative and reason marker, roughly that or because
- -ဘူး (-bu)
- Negation particle used at the end of a sentence together with the prefix ma-
- မ- (Ma-)
- Verb negation prefix attached before the verb root, as in ma thwar: bu (I don't go)
- -ခဲ့ (-khe)
- Marks a past action, especially one done before coming to the present location
- -နေ (-nay)
- Continuous aspect marker, equivalent to English -ing
- -ပြီ (-pyi)
- Marks a completed action or a change of state, roughly already
- -မယ် (-mae)
- Future tense marker in everyday spoken Burmese
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