Core Burmese grammar particles, sentence markers, and verb tense/aspect markers with example sentences. Front: the Burmese particle or grammar word (with romanization). Back: explanation and example.
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- -တယ် / -သည် (-de / -thi)
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Sentence-final statement marker; -de is the everyday spoken form, -thi the written form- -ပါ (-par)
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A politeness particle added to verbs, as in la par (please come)- -လား (-lar)
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Yes or no question particle, as in thwar: mae lar (will you go?)- -လဲ (-lell)
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Question particle used with question words, as in bar lo lell (how is it?)- -က (-ka)
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Subject marker highlighting the doer of an action- -ကို (-ko)
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Object marker placed after the noun receiving the action- -မှာ (-hma)
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Marks location (at, in) or a near-future action- -နဲ့ (-nell)
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Means with or and, joining two nouns or marking an instrument- -လို့ (-lo)
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A quotative and reason marker, roughly that or because- -ဘူး (-bu)
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Negation particle used at the end of a sentence together with the prefix ma-- မ- (Ma-)
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Verb negation prefix attached before the verb root, as in ma thwar: bu (I don't go)- -ခဲ့ (-khe)
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Marks a past action, especially one done before coming to the present location- -နေ (-nay)
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Continuous aspect marker, equivalent to English -ing- -ပြီ (-pyi)
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Marks a completed action or a change of state, roughly already- -မယ် (-mae)
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Future tense marker in everyday spoken Burmese
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