Core Basque grammar patterns, the ergative-absolutive case system, and auxiliary verb structure. Front: the Basque word or phrase. Back: English meaning.
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- Izan (aditz laguntzailea)
- To be (the copula and auxiliary for intransitive verbs)
- Edun
- To have (the auxiliary used with transitive verbs)
- Ergatibo kasua
- The ergative case, marked with -k, used for the subject of a transitive verb
- Absolutibo kasua
- The absolutive case, the unmarked case for the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive one
- Genitibo kasua
- The genitive case, marked with -en or -ren, showing possession
- Datibo kasua
- The dative case, marked with -i, showing an indirect object
- Artikulua -a
- The definite article, suffixed to the end of a noun as -a
- Plurala -ak
- The plural marker, suffixed to a noun as -ak
- Adjektiboa
- Adjective, typically placed after the noun it describes
- Aditz laguntzailea
- The auxiliary verb, which carries most of the person and tense information in a Basque sentence
- Orainaldia
- Present tense
- Lehenaldia
- Past tense
- Geroaldia
- Future tense
- Naiz
- I am (izan, present tense)
- Da
- He, she, it is (izan, present tense)
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