Core Basque grammar patterns, the ergative-absolutive case system, and auxiliary verb structure. Front: the Basque word or phrase. Back: English meaning.
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- Izan (aditz laguntzailea)
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To be (the copula and auxiliary for intransitive verbs)- Edun
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To have (the auxiliary used with transitive verbs)- Ergatibo kasua
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The ergative case, marked with -k, used for the subject of a transitive verb- Absolutibo kasua
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The absolutive case, the unmarked case for the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive one- Genitibo kasua
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The genitive case, marked with -en or -ren, showing possession- Datibo kasua
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The dative case, marked with -i, showing an indirect object- Artikulua -a
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The definite article, suffixed to the end of a noun as -a- Plurala -ak
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The plural marker, suffixed to a noun as -ak- Adjektiboa
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Adjective, typically placed after the noun it describes- Aditz laguntzailea
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The auxiliary verb, which carries most of the person and tense information in a Basque sentence- Orainaldia
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Present tense- Lehenaldia
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Past tense- Geroaldia
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Future tense- Naiz
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I am (izan, present tense)- Da
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He, she, it is (izan, present tense)
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