Business ethics and technology ethics cases such as corporate responsibility, data privacy, and AI ethics.
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- Define business ethics.
- The study and practice of moral principles applied to business decisions and conduct.
- What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
- A company's obligation to consider the impact of its decisions on society, the environment, and all stakeholders, not just shareholders.
- What is the difference between the shareholder model and stakeholder model?
- Shareholder model: maximizes profit for owners only. Stakeholder model: balances interests of employees, customers, communities, and environment alongside shareholders.
- Define fiduciary duty.
- A legal and ethical obligation to act in the best interests of another party, such as a company's duty to its shareholders or a trustee to beneficiaries.
- In business ethics, what does utilitarianism suggest?
- Decisions should maximize overall benefit and minimize harm for the greatest number of people affected.
- Define deontological ethics in a business context.
- An approach that judges actions as right or wrong based on duties, rules, and principles, regardless of outcomes.
- What is virtue ethics in business?
- An ethical approach focused on developing character traits like honesty, integrity, and fairness rather than rules or consequences.
- Why is data privacy considered an ethical issue in technology?
- It involves respect for personal autonomy, preventing manipulation, and protecting individuals from harm based on misuse of their information.
- What is a core principle of GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)?
- Individuals have the right to know what personal data is collected about them and how it is used, with the ability to access and delete it.
- What does 'privacy by design' mean?
- Incorporating data protection and privacy safeguards into the design and development of technology systems from the start, not as an afterthought.
- Define informed consent in the context of data collection.
- A person's voluntary agreement to share their personal data, given after being clearly informed about what will be collected, how it will be used, and potential risks.
- What is algorithmic bias?
- When an algorithm produces systematically different outcomes for different groups, often reflecting historical discrimination or skewed training data.
- Why is algorithmic transparency important in AI ethics?
- Without understanding how an algorithm makes decisions, people cannot challenge biased or unfair outcomes, audit for safety risks, or hold developers accountable.
- What does algorithmic accountability require?
- Clear responsibility for the design, deployment, and outcomes of algorithms, including the ability to explain decisions and remedy harms caused.
- In AI ethics, what does fairness require?
- Designing systems to avoid discriminating against protected groups and to distribute benefits and burdens equitably across all affected populations.