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Calculus · AP · Test Prep

AP Precalculus Unit 1: Polynomial and Rational Functions

Rates of change, polynomial end behavior, zeros, rational function asymptotes, holes and transformations.

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41 basic cards for AP Calculus. Set 1 of 4 in AP Precalculus. It opens with "Average rate of change formula" and "Difference quotient". Study it alongside the other AP sets below.

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Average rate of change formula
Show answer(f(b) - f(a)) / (b - a), or change in y over change in x
Difference quotient
Show answer(f(x + h) - f(x)) / h
Secant line versus tangent line
Show answerSecant connects two distinct points on a curve; tangent touches at one point and represents instantaneous rate of change
Instantaneous rate of change
Show answerThe rate of change at a single point, found as the limit of average rate as the interval approaches zero
How to compute rate of change from two table values
Show answerCalculate (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
What determines the end behavior of a polynomial?
Show answerThe degree and the sign of the leading coefficient
Odd degree polynomial, positive leading coefficient
Show answerGraph enters from lower left and exits to upper right
Odd degree polynomial, negative leading coefficient
Show answerGraph enters from upper left and exits to lower right
Even degree polynomial, positive leading coefficient
Show answerGraph enters from upper left and exits to upper right
Even degree polynomial, negative leading coefficient
Show answerGraph enters from lower left and exits to lower right
How degree affects polynomial end behavior
Show answerOdd degree: opposite directions at each end; even degree: same direction at both ends
How leading coefficient sign affects polynomial end behavior
Show answerPositive leading coefficient: graph rises to the right; negative: graph falls to the right
Define a zero or root of a polynomial
Show answerAn x-value where the polynomial equals zero; appears as an x-intercept on the graph
Relationship between a zero c and a factor
Show answerIf c is a zero, then (x - c) is a factor of the polynomial
State the Factor Theorem
Show answerA polynomial p(x) has (x - c) as a factor if and only if p(c) = 0

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