Rates of change, polynomial end behavior, zeros, rational function asymptotes, holes and transformations.
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- Average rate of change formula
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(f(b) - f(a)) / (b - a), or change in y over change in x
- Difference quotient
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(f(x + h) - f(x)) / h
- Secant line versus tangent line
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Secant connects two distinct points on a curve; tangent touches at one point and represents instantaneous rate of change
- Instantaneous rate of change
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The rate of change at a single point, found as the limit of average rate as the interval approaches zero
- How to compute rate of change from two table values
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Calculate (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
- What determines the end behavior of a polynomial?
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The degree and the sign of the leading coefficient
- Odd degree polynomial, positive leading coefficient
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Graph enters from lower left and exits to upper right
- Odd degree polynomial, negative leading coefficient
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Graph enters from upper left and exits to lower right
- Even degree polynomial, positive leading coefficient
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Graph enters from upper left and exits to upper right
- Even degree polynomial, negative leading coefficient
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Graph enters from lower left and exits to lower right
- How degree affects polynomial end behavior
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Odd degree: opposite directions at each end; even degree: same direction at both ends
- How leading coefficient sign affects polynomial end behavior
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Positive leading coefficient: graph rises to the right; negative: graph falls to the right
- Define a zero or root of a polynomial
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An x-value where the polynomial equals zero; appears as an x-intercept on the graph
- Relationship between a zero c and a factor
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If c is a zero, then (x - c) is a factor of the polynomial
- State the Factor Theorem
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A polynomial p(x) has (x - c) as a factor if and only if p(c) = 0