AP Environmental Science ecosystem structure, biodiversity, and species interaction concepts.
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- What is an ecosystem?
- A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment in a specific area
- Define biodiversity
- The variety of species, genes, and ecosystems in a given area
- Biotic factors in an ecosystem are
- All living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria
- Abiotic factors in an ecosystem include
- Nonliving physical and chemical components like temperature, light, water, and soil
- What is a niche?
- The specific role and position a species has in its environment, including what it eats and where it lives
- What is a habitat?
- The physical place or environment where an organism or population lives
- What is a community in ecology?
- All the different populations of species living and interacting in an area
- What is a population?
- All members of a single species living in the same area at the same time
- Primary consumers are
- Herbivores that feed directly on plants and producers
- Define autotroph
- An organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
- Define heterotroph
- An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms
- What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
- They break down dead organic matter and return nutrients to the soil and atmosphere
- What is a food chain?
- A linear sequence showing the transfer of energy from producers through consumers
- How is a food web different from a food chain?
- A food web shows multiple interconnected food chains, representing complex feeding relationships
- Approximately what percentage of energy transfers from one trophic level to the next?
- About 10 percent, with the rest lost as heat and used for metabolism