AP Environmental Science ecosystem structure, biodiversity, and species interaction concepts.
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- What is an ecosystem?
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A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment in a specific area- Define biodiversity
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The variety of species, genes, and ecosystems in a given area- Biotic factors in an ecosystem are
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All living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria- Abiotic factors in an ecosystem include
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Nonliving physical and chemical components like temperature, light, water, and soil- What is a community in ecology?
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All the different populations of species living and interacting in an area- What is a population?
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All members of a single species living in the same area at the same time- Primary consumers are
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Herbivores that feed directly on plants and producers- Define autotroph
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An organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis- Define heterotroph
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An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms- What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
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They break down dead organic matter and return nutrients to the soil and atmosphere- What is a food chain?
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A linear sequence showing the transfer of energy from producers through consumers- How is a food web different from a food chain?
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A food web shows multiple interconnected food chains, representing complex feeding relationships- Approximately what percentage of energy transfers from one trophic level to the next?
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About 10 percent, with the rest lost as heat and used for metabolism- What does an energy pyramid show?
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The amount of energy available at each trophic level, decreasing toward the top- What does a biomass pyramid show?
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The total mass of organisms at each trophic level, generally decreasing from producers upward
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