Earth's major systems and biogeochemical cycles, including carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles, tested on AP Environmental Science.
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- What is the lithosphere?
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The solid, rocky outer layer of Earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle- What is the hydrosphere?
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All of Earth's water including oceans, ice, groundwater, lakes, rivers, and water vapor- What is the atmosphere?
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The layer of gases surrounding Earth, composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%)- What is the biosphere?
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All living organisms on Earth and the environments they inhabit- Define evaporation
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The process by which liquid water changes to water vapor- Define condensation in the water cycle
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The process by which water vapor cools and changes to liquid water- Define precipitation
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Water falling from clouds to Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail- Define transpiration
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The release of water vapor from plant leaves during photosynthesis- What is infiltration?
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The downward movement of water through soil into the groundwater below- What is runoff?
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Water flowing over the land surface toward streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans- Define groundwater
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Water stored in soil and rock layers below the surface, replenished by infiltration- What is the water table?
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The level below which all soil and rock pores are saturated with water- What is photosynthesis?
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The process by which plants use sunlight to convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen- What is cellular respiration?
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The process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy, producing CO2 as a waste product- How does combustion affect the carbon cycle?
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Burning of fossil fuels releases stored carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
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