Key Urdu vocabulary for festivals, traditions, and social etiquette, with brief cultural notes. Front: the Urdu word or phrase in Nastaliq script with romanization in parentheses. Back: English meaning and brief cultural note.
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- عید الفطر (Eid-ul-Fitr)
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Eid al-Fitr, the festival marking the end of Ramadan, celebrated with new clothes, sweets, and family gatherings- عید الاضحی (Eid-ul-Azha)
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Eid al-Adha, the festival of sacrifice, marked by the ritual sacrifice of an animal and sharing meat with others- السلام علیکم (Assalam-o-Alaikum)
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Peace be upon you, the standard Islamic greeting used at any time of day- مہمان نوازی (mehman nawazi)
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Hospitality; guests are treated with great honor and always offered food and tea- بڑوں کا احترام (baron ka ehtaram)
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Respect for elders, shown by greeting them first and not interrupting them- دعا (dua)
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A prayer or blessing, often asked for from elders before travel or important events- جوتے اتارنا (jootay utarna)
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Taking off shoes, expected before entering a home or mosque- دائیں ہاتھ سے کھانا (dayen haath se khana)
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Eating with the right hand, the traditional custom at meals- مبارک ہو (Mubarak ho)
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Congratulations, said on happy occasions like weddings or Eid- شادی (shaadi)
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Wedding, a multi-day celebration with events like mehndi, baraat, and valima- مہندی (mehndi)
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A pre-wedding ceremony with henna designs applied to the bride's hands, filled with music and dance- بارات (baraat)
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The groom's wedding procession that travels to the bride's venue- مسجد (masjid)
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Mosque, the place of Muslim worship and community gathering- نماز (namaz)
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The five daily prayers performed by practicing Muslims- روزہ (roza)
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Fasting, especially the dawn-to-dusk fast observed during the month of Ramadan
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