Key Urdu vocabulary for festivals, traditions, and social etiquette, with brief cultural notes. Front: the Urdu word or phrase in Nastaliq script with romanization in parentheses. Back: English meaning and brief cultural note.
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- عید الفطر (Eid-ul-Fitr)
- Eid al-Fitr, the festival marking the end of Ramadan, celebrated with new clothes, sweets, and family gatherings
- عید الاضحی (Eid-ul-Azha)
- Eid al-Adha, the festival of sacrifice, marked by the ritual sacrifice of an animal and sharing meat with others
- السلام علیکم (Assalam-o-Alaikum)
- Peace be upon you, the standard Islamic greeting used at any time of day
- مہمان نوازی (mehman nawazi)
- Hospitality; guests are treated with great honor and always offered food and tea
- بڑوں کا احترام (baron ka ehtaram)
- Respect for elders, shown by greeting them first and not interrupting them
- دعا (dua)
- A prayer or blessing, often asked for from elders before travel or important events
- جوتے اتارنا (jootay utarna)
- Taking off shoes, expected before entering a home or mosque
- دائیں ہاتھ سے کھانا (dayen haath se khana)
- Eating with the right hand, the traditional custom at meals
- مبارک ہو (Mubarak ho)
- Congratulations, said on happy occasions like weddings or Eid
- شادی (shaadi)
- Wedding, a multi-day celebration with events like mehndi, baraat, and valima
- مہندی (mehndi)
- A pre-wedding ceremony with henna designs applied to the bride's hands, filled with music and dance
- بارات (baraat)
- The groom's wedding procession that travels to the bride's venue
- مسجد (masjid)
- Mosque, the place of Muslim worship and community gathering
- نماز (namaz)
- The five daily prayers performed by practicing Muslims
- روزہ (roza)
- Fasting, especially the dawn-to-dusk fast observed during the month of Ramadan
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