Common grammar patterns tested on the TOPIK proficiency exam.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- When do you use 은 vs 는 (subject/topic marker)?
- Use 은 after consonant-ending nouns, 는 after vowel-ending nouns (e.g., 학생은, 선생님은)
- When do you use 을 vs 를 (object marker)?
- Use 을 after consonant-ending nouns, 를 after vowel-ending nouns (e.g., 책을, 나라를)
- What is the primary use of 이/가 (nominative particle)?
- Marks the subject, especially for new information or identification (e.g., 고양이가 예뻐요)
- Difference between 은/는 and 이/가
- 은/는 marks an established topic, 이/가 introduces a new subject or emphasizes the subject
- What does the possessive particle 의 do?
- Shows possession or association (e.g., 나의 친구 = my friend, 학생의 책 = student's book)
- Main use of the locative particle 에
- Indicates location (in/on/at) or destination (e.g., 학교에 간다 = go to school)
- When do you use 에서 instead of 에?
- Use 에서 for the location where an action takes place (e.g., 학교에서 공부한다 = study at school)
- What does the dative particle 에게 indicate?
- Shows the recipient or person affected by an action (e.g., 친구에게 말했다 = told a friend)
- What are uses of the instrumental particle 으로/로?
- Means/tool/material (차로 간다 = go by car), direction (앞으로 = forward), or change (의사로 되었다 = became a doctor)
- What does the conjunctive particle 하고 do?
- Connects items in a list or shows accompaniment (e.g., 고기하고 야채 = meat and vegetables)
- How do you form the past tense in Korean?
- Add -았 after ㅏ or ㅗ vowel stems, -었 after all others (e.g., 갔다 = went, 먹었다 = ate)
- What determines -아 vs -어 in present tense?
- ㅏ or ㅗ vowel stems get -아, all others get -어 (e.g., 가요 = go, 먹어요 = eat)
- What is the formal polite speech level?
- Use -습니다 for present (먹습니다 = eats) and -았/었습니다 for past (먹었습니다 = ate)
- How do you express ongoing actions in Korean?
- Use verb stem + -고 있다 or -고 있어요 (e.g., 먹고 있다 = is eating)
- How do you express obligation or necessity?
- Add -아/어야 to the verb stem (e.g., 가야 한다 = must go, 먹어야 한다 = must eat)