The history and major movements of the novel as a literary form, from its origins to modernism.
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- When did the novel emerge as a distinct literary form?
- Roughly late 17th to early 18th century, building on earlier prose fiction traditions
- Which Spanish literary form of the 17th century directly preceded the modern novel?
- The picaresque novel
- What is a picaresque novel?
- A narrative following a roguish, low-born protagonist through episodic adventures, typically told in first person
- Who wrote Moll Flanders, an early English novel?
- Daniel Defoe, published 1722
- What is a Bildungsroman?
- A novel chronicling the spiritual, moral, and intellectual growth of a young protagonist
- What major literary movement emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism?
- Romanticism
- Which literary movement did Romanticism follow?
- Neoclassicism
- Name a defining characteristic of Romantic-era novels.
- Emphasis on emotion, imagination, nature, and the supernatural
- What is Gothic fiction?
- A genre combining horror, romance, and the supernatural, often featuring mysterious medieval or decaying settings
- Who wrote Frankenstein?
- Mary Shelley, published 1818
- In which Gothic novel does the action unfold in a ruined Italian castle?
- The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole
- What does literary realism aim to depict?
- Objective, faithful representation of everyday life and ordinary people
- In which century did realism become the dominant literary movement for novels?
- The 19th century
- What is naturalism as a literary movement?
- An extension of realism emphasizing determinism, environmental influence, and scientific observation of human behavior
- Who was a pioneer of French naturalism?
- Emile Zola