Core SQL statement types (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) and clause syntax explained with a short example query each.
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- What is the basic syntax for a SELECT statement?
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SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name- How do you filter rows in a SELECT with a WHERE clause?
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SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 18- What does the ORDER BY clause do?
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Sorts the result set by one or more columns: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY price DESC- What is the LIMIT clause used for?
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Restricts the number of rows returned: SELECT * FROM orders LIMIT 10- What does DISTINCT do in a SELECT?
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Returns only unique values: SELECT DISTINCT country FROM customers- How do you count rows with an aggregate function?
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SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees- What does the SUM aggregate function do?
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Adds up all values in a column: SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees- How do you find the average value in a column?
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SELECT AVG(price) FROM items- What does the MAX function return?
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The highest value in a column: SELECT MAX(score) FROM games- What does the MIN function return?
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The lowest value in a column: SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees- What is the GROUP BY clause used for?
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Groups rows by one or more columns: SELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department- How do you filter groups after GROUP BY?
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Use HAVING: SELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING COUNT(*) > 5- What is an INNER JOIN?
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Returns rows with matching values in both tables: SELECT * FROM orders INNER JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id = customers.id- What is a LEFT JOIN?
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Returns all rows from left table and matching rows from right: SELECT * FROM customers LEFT JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id- What is a RIGHT JOIN?
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Returns all rows from right table and matching rows from left: SELECT * FROM orders RIGHT JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id = customers.id
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