Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock formation and the rock cycle process for a middle school earth science course.
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- What is the rock cycle?
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The continuous process that transforms rocks from one type to another through geological processes.- Name the three main types of rocks.
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Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.- What energy source drives the rock cycle?
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Heat from Earth's interior and energy from the sun.- Can rocks change from one type into another?
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Yes, through processes like melting, cooling, heating, and pressure.- What are igneous rocks formed from?
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Molten rock (magma or lava) that cools and solidifies.- What is the difference between magma and lava?
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Magma is molten rock beneath Earth's surface; lava is molten rock erupted onto the surface.- What are extrusive igneous rocks?
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Igneous rocks that form from lava cooling quickly on Earth's surface.- What are intrusive igneous rocks?
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Igneous rocks that form from magma cooling slowly beneath Earth's surface.- Why are intrusive igneous rocks coarse-grained?
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Slow cooling deep underground allows large mineral crystals to form.- Why are extrusive igneous rocks fine-grained?
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Rapid cooling on the surface prevents large mineral crystals from forming.- What is granite?
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A coarse-grained igneous rock formed from magma cooling slowly beneath the surface.- What is basalt?
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A fine-grained, dark igneous rock formed from lava cooling quickly on the surface.- What is pumice?
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A light, porous extrusive igneous rock with so many air pockets it can float on water.- What is obsidian?
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A shiny, dark glassy extrusive igneous rock that cools so quickly no crystals form.- What are sedimentary rocks made from?
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Compressed and cemented fragments of other rocks and minerals (sediment).
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