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Math · High School

Precalculus Core Concepts

Function transformations, sequences, and conic sections for a precalculus course, distinct from the calculus-specific decks.

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How does f(x-h) transform the graph of f(x)?
Horizontal shift right by h units
How does f(x)+k transform the graph of f(x)?
Vertical shift up by k units
What happens to the graph of y = f(x) when you compute a*f(x) with a > 1?
Vertical stretch by factor of a
What happens to the graph of y = f(x) when you compute a*f(x) with 0 < a < 1?
Vertical compression by factor of a
What happens to the graph of y = f(x) when you compute f(b*x) with b > 1?
Horizontal compression by factor of 1/b
What happens to the graph of y = f(x) when you compute f(x/c) with c > 1?
Horizontal stretch by factor of c
How does -f(x) transform the graph of f(x)?
Reflection across the x-axis
What is an even function?
A function where f(-x) = f(x) for all x in its domain
What is an odd function?
A function where f(-x) = -f(x) for all x in its domain
When combining multiple transformations, does the order matter?
Yes, the order affects the final result. Apply inside operations first, then outside operations.
If f has domain [0, 4], what is the domain of f(x-2)?
[2, 6]
Define an arithmetic sequence.
A sequence where consecutive terms have a constant difference
What is the common difference in an arithmetic sequence?
The constant difference d between consecutive terms, where a(n+1) - a(n) = d
Write the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence.
a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d
Write the formula for the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence.
S_n = n/2 * (a_1 + a_n) or equivalently S_n = n/2 * (2a_1 + (n-1)d)

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