Muscle physiology, energy systems, and cardiorespiratory concepts tested on NASM and ACE personal training certification exams.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the sarcomere?
- The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle, bounded by Z-discs.
- What do thick filaments consist of?
- Myosin protein molecules.
- What do thin filaments consist of?
- Actin protein molecules.
- Define a motor unit.
- A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
- What does the sliding filament theory explain?
- Muscle contraction occurs as thin filaments slide across thick filaments without the filaments themselves changing length.
- What ion is required to initiate muscle contraction?
- Calcium, which binds to troponin on thin filaments.
- What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
- Provides energy for myosin head movement and calcium reuptake; required to break the rigor state.
- What is muscle fatigue primarily caused by during intense exercise?
- Accumulation of metabolic byproducts including lactate, hydrogen ions, and inorganic phosphate.
- What is a concentric muscle contraction?
- A contraction in which the muscle shortens while generating force.
- What is an eccentric muscle contraction?
- A contraction in which the muscle lengthens while generating force to control movement.
- What is an isometric muscle contraction?
- A contraction in which tension is generated without any change in muscle length.
- What does DOMS stand for?
- Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness.
- Which energy system is primary for exercise lasting less than 10 seconds?
- The phosphocreatine (PCr) system.
- Which energy system is primary for exercise lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes?
- Anaerobic glycolysis (the lactate system).
- Which energy system is primary for exercise lasting longer than 2-3 minutes?
- The aerobic (oxidative) system.