Muscle physiology, energy systems, and cardiorespiratory concepts tested on NASM and ACE personal training certification exams.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the sarcomere?
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The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle, bounded by Z-discs.- What do thick filaments consist of?
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Myosin protein molecules.- What do thin filaments consist of?
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Actin protein molecules.- Define a motor unit.
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A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.- What does the sliding filament theory explain?
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Muscle contraction occurs as thin filaments slide across thick filaments without the filaments themselves changing length.- What ion is required to initiate muscle contraction?
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Calcium, which binds to troponin on thin filaments.- What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
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Provides energy for myosin head movement and calcium reuptake; required to break the rigor state.- What is muscle fatigue primarily caused by during intense exercise?
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Accumulation of metabolic byproducts including lactate, hydrogen ions, and inorganic phosphate.- What is a concentric muscle contraction?
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A contraction in which the muscle shortens while generating force.- What is an eccentric muscle contraction?
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A contraction in which the muscle lengthens while generating force to control movement.- What is an isometric muscle contraction?
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A contraction in which tension is generated without any change in muscle length.- What does DOMS stand for?
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Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness.- Which energy system is primary for exercise lasting less than 10 seconds?
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The phosphocreatine (PCr) system.- Which energy system is primary for exercise lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes?
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Anaerobic glycolysis (the lactate system).- Which energy system is primary for exercise lasting longer than 2-3 minutes?
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The aerobic (oxidative) system.
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