High yield drug classes, mechanisms, and key side effects tested on the PANCE.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
- They block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
- ACE inhibitors can cause a dry cough due to increased levels of ____.
- bradykinin
- Which serious ACE inhibitor side effect involves swelling of the face, lips, and airway?
- Angioedema
- What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
- They block the AT1 angiotensin II receptor.
- Where do thiazide diuretics act in the nephron?
- They inhibit the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule.
- What electrolyte abnormality is commonly caused by thiazide diuretics?
- Hypokalemia
- Where do loop diuretics act in the nephron?
- They inhibit the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
- What is a characteristic toxicity of loop diuretics, especially at high doses?
- Ototoxicity (hearing loss or tinnitus)
- What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
- It is an aldosterone receptor antagonist that spares potassium.
- What hormonal side effect is associated with spironolactone use in men?
- Gynecomastia
- What is the primary mechanism of action of beta blockers?
- They block beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and contractility.
- Why should non-selective beta blockers be used cautiously in patients with asthma?
- They can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors.
- What cardiac side effect is associated with non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like verapamil?
- Bradycardia and AV block
- What common side effect occurs with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like amlodipine?
- Peripheral edema
- What enzyme do statins inhibit?
- HMG-CoA reductase