High yield drug classes, mechanisms, and key side effects tested on the PANCE.
39 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
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They block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.- ACE inhibitors can cause a dry cough due to increased levels of ____.
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bradykinin- Which serious ACE inhibitor side effect involves swelling of the face, lips, and airway?
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Angioedema- What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
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They block the AT1 angiotensin II receptor.- Where do thiazide diuretics act in the nephron?
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They inhibit the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule.- What electrolyte abnormality is commonly caused by thiazide diuretics?
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Hypokalemia- Where do loop diuretics act in the nephron?
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They inhibit the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.- What is a characteristic toxicity of loop diuretics, especially at high doses?
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Ototoxicity (hearing loss or tinnitus)- What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
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It is an aldosterone receptor antagonist that spares potassium.- What hormonal side effect is associated with spironolactone use in men?
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Gynecomastia- What is the primary mechanism of action of beta blockers?
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They block beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and contractility.- Why should non-selective beta blockers be used cautiously in patients with asthma?
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They can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors.- What cardiac side effect is associated with non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like verapamil?
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Bradycardia and AV block- What common side effect occurs with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like amlodipine?
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Peripheral edema- What enzyme do statins inhibit?
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HMG-CoA reductase
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