Named reactions and mechanisms taught in a college organic chemistry sequence.
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- SN2 reaction: What is the stereochemical outcome?
- Inversion of configuration (Walden inversion)
- SN2 rate law: rate depends on what concentrations?
- Rate = k[RX][Nu-]; first order in alkyl halide and first order in nucleophile
- SN1 rate law: rate depends on what concentrations?
- Rate = k[RX]; first order in alkyl halide only
- SN1 mechanism: What is the carbocation intermediate called?
- Carbocation (or carbenium ion)
- SN2 mechanism: How many steps does it have?
- One step (concerted, single transition state)
- SN1 mechanism: How many steps does it have?
- Two steps: ionization (slow) and nucleophilic attack (fast)
- For SN2, which substrate is most reactive: primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl halide?
- Primary alkyl halide
- For SN1, which substrate is most reactive: primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl halide?
- Tertiary alkyl halide
- SN2 reactions: Which solvent increases the reaction rate - protic or aprotic?
- Aprotic (polar aprotic), such as DMSO or DMF
- SN1 reactions on a stereocenter produce what instead of a single stereoisomer?
- A racemic mixture (equal mixture of R and S enantiomers)
- E2 elimination: What is the stereochemical requirement for H and leaving group?
- Anti-periplanar (180 degrees apart, opposite sides of the C-C bond)
- E2 rate law: rate depends on what concentrations?
- Rate = k[RX][B]; first order in alkyl halide and first order in base
- E1 rate law: rate depends on what concentrations?
- Rate = k[RX]; first order in alkyl halide only
- E1 mechanism: What is the intermediate formed?
- A carbocation
- With a primary substrate and strong base at high temperature, which reaction dominates: E2 or SN2?
- E2 (elimination)