Nginx config blocks, reverse proxying, load balancing algorithms, TLS termination, caching, health checks and HAProxy.
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- What is Nginx?
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High-performance event-driven web server and reverse proxy- How does a reverse proxy differ from a forward proxy?
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Reverse proxy sits between clients and backend servers; forward proxy sits between client and internet- Name four main Nginx config block types
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http, server, location, and upstream- What problem does load balancing solve?
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Distributes client requests across multiple backend servers to improve availability and performance- Describe the round-robin load balancing algorithm
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Requests are sent to each backend server in sequence, cycling through the list- What does the least connections load balancing algorithm do?
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Routes each new request to the backend server with the fewest active connections- How does IP hash load balancing ensure consistency?
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Hashes the client IP address to determine backend, so same client always routes to same server- How do weights affect round-robin load balancing?
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Backends receive requests proportional to their weight value, allowing unequal distribution- What does the least time load balancing method optimize for?
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Routes requests to the backend with the lowest latency and fewest active connections- What happens during TLS termination?
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Reverse proxy decrypts encrypted client traffic and forwards to backend, optionally re-encrypting- What does an upstream block define in Nginx?
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A named group of backend servers that can be referenced by proxy_pass directives- What does the proxy_pass directive do?
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Forwards HTTP requests from a location to a specified backend server or upstream group- What is the purpose of health checks in load balancing?
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Detect backend server failures so traffic is not routed to unavailable or unhealthy servers- What is HAProxy primarily used for?
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Load balancing, reverse proxying, and high-availability clustering of backend services- What is session stickiness in load balancing?
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A client is consistently routed to the same backend server to maintain session state
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