Earthquakes, volcanoes, and hurricanes with cause and key facts, distinct from the cloud and weather-pattern deck.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What causes earthquakes?
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Movement of tectonic plates sliding past, colliding with, or separating from each other- What is the Richter scale?
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A scale that measures the magnitude of an earthquake based on the amplitude of seismic waves recorded by instruments- What is the moment magnitude scale?
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A scale that measures earthquake magnitude based on the total energy released by the earthquake- Where do most earthquakes occur?
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Along plate boundaries where tectonic plates meet- What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
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The point on Earth's surface directly above where the earthquake originates underground- What is the focus (or hypocenter) of an earthquake?
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The point within Earth's crust or mantle where the earthquake originates- What causes tsunamis in earthquakes?
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Sudden, large-scale movement of the ocean floor that displaces water- What is an aftershock?
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A smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake in the same area- What are foreshocks?
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Smaller earthquakes that occur before a larger main earthquake- Which seismic waves travel fastest?
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P-waves (primary waves), which compress rock as they move- What is liquefaction during an earthquake?
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Soil loses its strength and acts like liquid when shaken, causing structures to sink- How deep can earthquake foci reach?
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Up to approximately 700 kilometers below Earth's surface- What is a volcano?
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An opening in Earth's crust through which magma, rocks, and gases erupt- What is the difference between magma and lava?
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Magma is molten rock beneath Earth's surface; lava is molten rock that erupts onto the surface- What are the three main types of volcanoes?
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Shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and composite (stratovolcano) volcanoes
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