Key Mongolian sounds, vowel length, and vowel harmony for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound pattern or example word in Cyrillic with a romanization. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- ө (ö)
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A rounded mid vowel, like the u in French peu or German ö- ү (ü)
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A rounded high front vowel, like German ü or French u- х (kh)
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Voiceless velar or uvular fricative, like the ch in Scottish loch- ж (j)
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Pronounced like the j in English jam- з (z)
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Pronounced like the dz in English adze, slightly affricated- ц (ts)
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Pronounced like ts in English cats- ч (ch)
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Pronounced like ch in English chair- ь (soft sign)
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Palatalizes the preceding consonant, softening it- ъ (hard sign)
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Marks a syllable break, keeping the preceding consonant unpalatalized- аа (aa)
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Long a vowel, held about twice as long as a single a- өө (öö)
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Long ö vowel, held about twice as long as a single ö- уу (uu)
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Long u vowel, held about twice as long as a single u- Сайн байна уу (Sain baina uu)
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Hello. The final uu is a long vowel, not a diphthong- Баярлалаа (Bayarlalaa)
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Thank you. Stress falls evenly, with the final aa held long- Гэр (Ger)
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Ger, yurt. The initial г is pronounced softly, close to a g before a front vowel
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