Key Hungarian letter combinations, vowel lengths, and stress patterns, with plain-English pronunciation notes and minimal pairs. Front: the letter, letter combination, or sound pattern. Back: the meaning plus a pronunciation note.
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- gy
- Pronounced like the "d" in British "duke," a palatalized d sound. Example: "magyar" (Hungarian).
- ly
- Pronounced exactly like "y" in "yes" in modern Hungarian, even though it looks like an l. Example: "király" (king).
- ny
- Pronounced like the "ny" in "canyon," a palatal n. Example: "hány" (how many).
- ty
- Pronounced like the "ty" in British "tune," a palatalized t. Example: "kutya" (dog).
- sz
- Pronounced like the plain "s" in "sun." Example: "szia" (hi).
- s (alone)
- Pronounced like "sh" in "shoe," the opposite of what English speakers expect from a plain s. Example: "és" (and).
- zs
- Pronounced like the "s" in "measure," a soft "zh" sound. Example: "zsír" (fat; slang for 'cool').
- cs
- Pronounced like "ch" in "church." Example: "csak" (only).
- c
- Pronounced like "ts" in "cats." Example: "cukor" (sugar).
- á
- A long, open "ah" sound, distinct from short "a." Example: "vár" (castle).
- a (short)
- Pronounced more like a short, rounded "o" as in British "hot," not like English short a. Example: "alma" (apple).
- é
- A long, closed "ay" sound, similar to French é. Example: "kérem" (please).
- e (short)
- An open "eh" sound, like "e" in "bed" but shorter. Example: "ez" (this).
- ő
- A long, rounded front vowel, like German ö held longer. Example: "nő" (woman).
- ö
- A short rounded front vowel, like German ö. Example: "könyv" (book).
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