Key Hindi vocabulary for holidays, traditions, and social customs, with brief notes on greetings, hospitality, and gift-giving etiquette. Front: the Hindi word or phrase in Devanagari with romanization in parentheses. Back: English meaning and brief cultural note.
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- दिवाली (Diwali)
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Festival of lights celebrated in autumn, symbolizing victory of light over darkness. Homes are lit with oil lamps and decorated with colorful lights.- होली (Holi)
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Festival of colors celebrated in spring, marking the arrival of new season. People play with colored powder and water, symbolizing joy and renewal.- नवरात्रि (Navratri)
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Nine-night festival celebrating the divine feminine. Features fasting, special prayers, and the classical dance form Garba in some regions.- दशहरा (Dashhara)
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Festival marking the victory of good over evil, celebrated on the tenth day after Navratri. Also known as Vijayadashami.- रक्षा बंधन (Raksha Bandhan)
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Festival celebrating the bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters tie a thread (rakhi) on brothers' wrists, symbolizing protection and care.- नमस्ते (Namaste)
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Common greeting meaning 'I bow to you', said with hands pressed together. Used for both hello and goodbye.- प्रणाम (Pranaam)
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Respectful greeting involving bowing with hands pressed together. Used when meeting elders or in formal situations.- नमस्कार (Namaskaar)
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Formal greeting similar to namaste but more widely used. Commonly heard in formal or professional settings.- आदाब (Adaab)
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Islamic greeting used in Muslim communities across India. Means 'respect' or 'regards' and is often accompanied by hand placement on the heart.- सुप्रभात (Suprabhat)
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Hindi greeting meaning 'good morning'. Used in morning salutations.- अतिथि देवो भवः (Atithi devo bhava)
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Ancient Sanskrit saying meaning 'the guest is God'. Central to Indian hospitality culture, emphasizing respect and care for visitors.- आरती (Arati)
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Ritual of worship involving the waving of a lamp before a deity or honored person. Represents removing darkness and negativity.- चरण स्पर्श (Charan sparsh)
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Gesture of respect where younger people touch the feet of elders. Symbolizes showing reverence and seeking blessings.- टीका (Tika)
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Decorative mark worn on the forehead, made with colored powder or paste. Signifies auspiciousness and is worn during festivals and special occasions.- मेहँदी (Mehendi)
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Henna paste applied to hands and feet, especially before weddings. Considered auspicious and is a major part of wedding preparations.
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