Key Gujarati vowels, consonants, and aspiration contrasts for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound pattern or example word. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- અ sound (a)
- A short "a," like in "cup."
- આ sound (aa)
- A long "aa," like in "father."
- ઇ sound (i)
- A short "i," like in "sit."
- ઈ sound (ee)
- A long "ee," like in "see."
- ઉ sound (u)
- A short "u," like in "put."
- ઊ sound (oo)
- A long "oo," like in "food."
- એ sound (e)
- Like the "e" in "they."
- ઐ sound (ai)
- A diphthong like "ai" in "aisle."
- ઓ sound (o)
- Like the "o" in "go."
- ઔ sound (au)
- A diphthong like "ow" in "how."
- અં sound (anuswar)
- A nasalized vowel sound, marked by a dot above the letter.
- અઃ sound (visarga)
- A light final "h" breath sound, rare and mostly found in Sanskrit-derived words.
- ળ sound (retroflex l)
- A retroflex "l," made with the tongue curled back, distinct from a plain l. Found in words like fal (fruit).
- ણ sound (retroflex n)
- A retroflex "n," made with the tongue curled back against the roof of the mouth.
- ટ sound (unaspirated retroflex t)
- A retroflex, unaspirated "t," crisper than an English t.
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