The core German modal verbs and their present and past tense conjugations, with example sentences. Front: the German word or phrase. Back: English meaning.
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- können
- to be able to, can
- ich kann
- I can
- du kannst
- you can (informal)
- wir können
- we can
- ich konnte
- I could (past)
- Ich kann das verstehen.
- I can understand that.
- müssen
- to have to, must
- ich muss
- I have to, I must
- du musst
- you have to (informal)
- wir müssen
- we have to
- ich musste
- I had to (past)
- Ich muss früh aufstehen.
- I have to get up early.
- dürfen
- to be allowed to, may
- ich darf
- I may, I am allowed
- du darfst
- you may (informal)