Key Georgian sounds, including ejective consonants and consonant clusters, for accurate pronunciation. Front: the sound pattern or example word. Back: meaning plus a plain-English pronunciation note.
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- ყ (q)
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Uvular ejective consonant. Pronounced far back in the throat, sharper than a regular k- კ (k')
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Ejective k sound. A sharp burst of air, distinct from the aspirated 'kh'- ქ (kh)
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Aspirated k sound. Pronounced with a puff of breath, like English k in kite- ტ (t')
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Ejective t sound. A crisp, glottalized t with no puff of air- თ (t)
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Aspirated t sound. Like English t in top, with a breathy release- პ (p')
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Ejective p sound. A sharp, glottalized p with no air release- ფ (p)
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Aspirated p sound. Like English p in pot, with a puff of air- წ (ts')
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Ejective ts sound. A sharp glottalized affricate with no close English equivalent- ც (ts)
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Aspirated ts sound. Like ts in cats, but with more breath- ჭ (ch')
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Ejective ch sound. A sharp glottalized affricate- ჩ (ch)
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Aspirated ch sound. Like English ch in chair- ღ (gh)
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Voiced uvular fricative. Like the French r or a gargled g sound- ხ (kh)
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Voiceless uvular fricative. Like the ch in Scottish loch- ძ (dz)
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Voiced affricate. Like ds in kids- ჯ (j)
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Voiced affricate. Like English j in jam
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