Core Azerbaijani grammar patterns and verb conjugation and case structure. Front: the Azerbaijani pattern or example. Back: English explanation.
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- Mən + -am (Mənəm)
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The personal ending -am/-əm attaches to nouns/adjectives for 'I am' (yaxşıyam = I am good)- -lar / -lər
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Plural suffix, chosen by vowel harmony (kitablar = books)- -ın / -in / -un / -ün (genitive)
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Genitive case suffix meaning 'of, belonging to' (Aynurun kitabı = Aynur's book)- -a / -ə (dative)
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Dative case suffix meaning 'to, towards' (evə = to the house)- -ı / -i / -u / -ü (accusative)
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Accusative case suffix marking a direct object (kitabı oxuyuram = I read the book)- -da / -də (locative)
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Locative case suffix meaning 'at, in' (evdə = at home)- -dan / -dən (ablative)
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Ablative case suffix meaning 'from' (evdən = from the house)- -la / -lə (instrumental)
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Instrumental suffix meaning 'with, by means of' (qələmlə = with a pen)- -acaq / -əcək (future)
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Future tense suffix (gedəcək = he/she will go)- -dı / -di / -du / -dü (past)
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Simple past tense suffix (getdi = he/she went)- -ır / -ir / -ur / -ür (present continuous)
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Present continuous tense suffix (gedir = is going)- -mış / -miş / -muş / -müş (perfect)
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Past participle used for perfect tense (getmişdir = has gone)- -maq / -mək (infinitive)
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Infinitive marker attached to a verb root (yazmaq = to write)- -ma / -mə (negation)
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Verb negation suffix inserted before the tense ending (gəlmir = does not come)- -mı? / -mi? / -mu? / -mü? (question particle)
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Yes/no question particle added after the verb (gəldinizmi? = did you come?)
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