Core Azerbaijani grammar patterns and verb conjugation and case structure. Front: the Azerbaijani pattern or example. Back: English explanation.
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- Mən + -am (Mənəm)
- The personal ending -am/-əm attaches to nouns/adjectives for 'I am' (yaxşıyam = I am good)
- -lar / -lər
- Plural suffix, chosen by vowel harmony (kitablar = books)
- -ın / -in / -un / -ün (genitive)
- Genitive case suffix meaning 'of, belonging to' (Aynurun kitabı = Aynur's book)
- -a / -ə (dative)
- Dative case suffix meaning 'to, towards' (evə = to the house)
- -ı / -i / -u / -ü (accusative)
- Accusative case suffix marking a direct object (kitabı oxuyuram = I read the book)
- -da / -də (locative)
- Locative case suffix meaning 'at, in' (evdə = at home)
- -dan / -dən (ablative)
- Ablative case suffix meaning 'from' (evdən = from the house)
- -la / -lə (instrumental)
- Instrumental suffix meaning 'with, by means of' (qələmlə = with a pen)
- -acaq / -əcək (future)
- Future tense suffix (gedəcək = he/she will go)
- -dı / -di / -du / -dü (past)
- Simple past tense suffix (getdi = he/she went)
- -ır / -ir / -ur / -ür (present continuous)
- Present continuous tense suffix (gedir = is going)
- -mış / -miş / -muş / -müş (perfect)
- Past participle used for perfect tense (getmişdir = has gone)
- -maq / -mək (infinitive)
- Infinitive marker attached to a verb root (yazmaq = to write)
- -ma / -mə (negation)
- Verb negation suffix inserted before the tense ending (gəlmir = does not come)
- -mı? / -mi? / -mu? / -mü? (question particle)
- Yes/no question particle added after the verb (gəldinizmi? = did you come?)
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