Key Modern Standard Arabic vocabulary for holidays, traditions, and social customs, with brief notes on greetings, hospitality, and gift-giving etiquette. Front: the Arabic word or phrase with romanization in parentheses. Back: English meaning and brief cultural note.
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- السلام عليكم (as-salaam alaikum)
- Peace be upon you. Traditional Islamic greeting used when meeting someone.
- وعليكم السلام (wa alaikum assalam)
- And upon you be peace. The proper response to as-salaam alaikum.
- صباح الخير (sabah al-khair)
- Good morning. Common daytime greeting.
- مساء الخير (masaa al-khair)
- Good evening. Used as a greeting in the afternoon or evening.
- كيف حالك (kayf halak)
- How are you? Polite inquiry asked when greeting someone.
- تفضل (tafaddal)
- Please, go ahead. Hospitable gesture offering something to a guest.
- من فضلك (min fadlak)
- Please. Polite way to make a request.
- شكرا (shukran)
- Thank you. Standard expression of gratitude.
- أهلا وسهلا (ahlan wa sahlan)
- You are welcome, as if among family. Warm greeting expression.
- لا شكر على واجب (la shukr ala wajib)
- No thanks are needed for a duty. Response declining thanks for help.
- عيد الفطر (Eid al-Fitr)
- Festival of Breaking the Fast. Muslim celebration ending the month-long fast of Ramadan, marked by family gatherings and new clothes.
- عيد الأضحى (Eid al-Adha)
- Festival of Sacrifice. Major Islamic holiday commemorating Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son, involves animal sacrifice and family meals.
- رمضان (Ramadan)
- Islamic holy month of fasting from dawn to sunset. Time for spiritual renewal, increased prayer, and family dinners after sunset.
- الحج (al-hajj)
- Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. One of the Five Pillars of Islam, performed once in a lifetime if possible.
- المولد النبوي (al-mawlid al-nabawi)
- Birthday of Prophet Muhammad. Celebrated with religious gatherings, special foods, and recitations.
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