Literary devices, movements, and required text vocabulary for AP Spanish Literature and Culture. Front: the Spanish term. Back: English meaning and a brief explanation.
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- Metáfora
- Metaphor. A direct comparison between two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as'. Example: 'La vida es un viaje.'
- Metonimia
- Metonymy. A figure of speech where one thing is substituted for another with which it is associated. Example: 'He reads Shakespeare' (meaning Shakespeare's works).
- Sinécdoque
- Synecdoche. A figure where a part represents the whole or vice versa. Example: 'All hands on deck' (hands = people).
- Personificación
- Personification. Giving human qualities, emotions, or characteristics to non-human things or abstract ideas.
- Hipérbole
- Hyperbole. Extreme exaggeration used for emphasis, effect, or humor. Example: 'I've told you a million times.'
- Paradoja
- Paradox. A statement or situation that seems contradictory but may reveal truth upon reflection.
- Ironía
- Irony. The expression of meaning through language that signifies the opposite. Three types: verbal, situational, and dramatic.
- Alegoría
- Allegory. A narrative or description where characters, objects, and events represent abstract ideas or qualities.
- Símil
- Simile. A direct comparison between two unlike things using 'like' or 'as'. Example: 'As brave as a lion.'
- Oxímoron
- Oxymoron. The combination of contradictory or opposite words placed together. Example: 'bittersweet' or 'silent scream.'
- Modernismo
- Modernism. A late 19th and early 20th-century Spanish American literary movement emphasizing aestheticism, symbolism, and innovative forms. Key figures: Rubén Darío, Manuel Machado.
- Generación del 98
- Generation of '98. A group of Spanish intellectuals responding to Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American War. Key figures: Miguel de Unamuno, Antonio Machado, Pío Baroja.
- Realismo
- Realism. A 19th-century movement depicting life with accuracy, detail, and objectivity. Rejected romanticism and focused on ordinary characters and situations.
- Romanticismo
- Romanticism. An 18th and 19th-century movement emphasizing emotion, individualism, nature, and imagination over reason and classical forms.
- Simbolismo
- Symbolism. A literary movement using symbols to represent ideas, emotions, or qualities beyond their literal meaning. Influenced by Modernism.